Chapter 15: Project-Based Learning and Multimedia

Graphic Organizer:

Reflection:

Through the method of this Project based multimedia learning, students can acquire new knowledge, develop their thinking skills and they can develop their skills using multimedia.

As a teacher, let us not expose the students only in academic but let them actively perform of any form of activity by using multimedia. And if we have this actual activity or let the students perform, we, the teachers must not only stand in the front but we should observe and guide them in order for them to have a successful output and the same time they can enrich knowledge and skills.

Chapter 14: 

Maximizing the use of the overhead projector and the chalkboard

Graphic Organizer:

Reflection:

The chalkboard is always available in every classroom and it is very useful and easily for the teachers to deliver the subject by writing and impart their knowledge to the students. And for the students, it is easier for them to understand the topic on black board as they see the method or procedure for some processes and for those who sit at the back, writing on board helps them to see better if the teachers voice is not clear in some words or sentences.

As a future educator, we must also have and apply modern way of how to impart knowledge to students by using technology or multimedia like OHP or Overhead Projector. This is also one way to make the teaching-learning process successful and help the students in acquiring new knowledge.

CHAPTER 13: Teaching with Visual Symbols

Graphic Organizer:

Reflection: 

Visual symbols come in many forms, drawing, cartoons, strip drawing or comic strip, diagram, map, chart and graph. They may be used in different ways and phases of the lesson depending on the teacher’s purpose.

 Like the cartoons, teacher can use this for motivation. This can be an opening of the lesson wherein the students can create and share various ideas where as a picture, cartoon and other visual symbols it paint a thousand words. Through this the teaching-learning process will find interactive and fun.

As teachers, we are required for preparations and more learning if we use these visual symbols in our lesson. We must be skillful and creative for it to be meaningful and your teaching will be successful. 

Chapter 12: The power of film, video and TV in the classroom

Graphic Organizer:

Reflection: 

The film, video and TV are powerful instructional tools. But the effect of these are depends on how it is being used. The teaching- learning process will be much more enjoyable and lively when these tools are appropriately and moderately use.  However, when we misuse and abuse this there will be possible damaging effects with the students’ development like their thinking power, behavior and imagination. It can also be harmful to students if they are not being guided with the teacher because they can imitate (especially violence) on what they have seen.

As a future teacher, this gave me an additional knowledge to have a successful teaching- learning process with the use of film, video and TV but it must be appropriately used. And with an analogy like “If Muhammad cannot go to the mountain bring the mountain to Muhammad.” This enlightened me that if we, the teachers know that it is impossible for the students to explore things e.g. in going to the mountain for their young age we must provide and use television or conduct a film viewing related to the topic. These could be a help for students to nurture curiosity and not so hard for the teacher to show what really on the mountain, the beauty and the ideas it brings.

Chapter 11: Making the most of community Resources and Field trips


Graphic Organizer:

Reflection:

“Field Trips abolish the walls that divide the classroom and the outside world.  It also connects people. The students, teachers, parents, school head are the people involved in the field trip, they come together for joint planning.” 

Field Trips help children to expose on different aspects of the things around them. Taking field trips provide individual a better understanding of different places, things, people, ideas and many more. But this have also disadvantage for a reasons that it will be costly and it require time for preparation and planning.

As a teacher, to have successful trips we must plan first and prepare. Discuss and decide on what to do before, during and after the field trip. This activity will be educational, fun and can nurture one’s curiosity. 

Chapter 10: Teaching Demonstration

Organizer:

Reflection:

Demonstration as a teaching method are a better learning experience in the classroom for students; the generation interest in the subject; help in developing the spirit of inquiry; students cooperating in the teaching-learning process; and the process of learning becoming permanent in the student's life. We as the teachers must plan a successful classroom demonstration for us to know if the learning outcomes will be attained. And as we demonstrate well, our students can learn and expand their knowledge by observing. They can be encouraged to make predictions and announce or record their observations as they watch and by demonstration they will be provided with opportunities to develop key scientific skills. 

CHAPTER 9: DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES

Organizer:

Reflection:

                Teaching with dramatized experience is one way of entertaining while learning, it involves a role play of life, character or culture or the combination of three with the use of puppet, role playing, pageant and etc.

                As a future educator, this is an additional way to lead us in a successful teaching-learning process. We can catch the students’ attentions and there will be a participation of students for example in role playing, they can act, express their ideas, feelings and emotions. Students can’t only learn the topic but they can also develop their talents.

CHAPTER 8 : CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES

       Organizer:

Reflection:

                Contrived Experience is the second band of experiences in Dale’s Cone of Experience. It is used in the absence of direct experiences as materials for instruction. It is one way of representing things that are not available inside a classroom. I’ve learned that if the teacher cannot provide the real thing he/ she use other alternatives like models, mock ups, specimens and objects. This will be a big help for the students to learn what and  how must they learn about the specific topic even without the real example and they will not be ignorant a certain thing because they’ve seen and experienced it with the help of the teachers strategic way of teaching and with their contrived experiences.

Chapter 7 : Direct, Purposeful Experiences and Beyond

These are concrete and firsthand experiences that make up the foundation of our learning. These are the rich experiences that our senses bring from which we construct the ideas, the concepts, the generalizations that give meaning and order to our lives. (Dale,1969).

DIRECT ACTIVITIES

      making a piece of furniture

      doing power point presentation

      performing laboratory

      experiment

      delivering a speech

      taking a trip

       preparing meals

INDIRECT EXPERIENCE

- are experiences of other people that we observed, read or hear about. They are not firsthand but rather vicarious experiences.

Why are these direct experiences described to be purposeful?

- Purposeful because the experiences are not purely mechanical.

- They are also described as purposeful because these experiences are undergone in relation to a purpose, i.e. learning.

DIRECT,PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCE AND BEYOND

- these direct experiences must not be the period or the end. We must be brought to a higher plane. The higher plane referred to here is the level of generalization and abstraction.

IF DIRECT PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCES OR FIRSTHAND SENSORY EXPERIENCES MAKE US LEARN CONCEPTS AND SKILLS EFFECTIVELY, WHAT DOES THIS IMPLY TO THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS?

1. Let us give our students opportunities to learn by doing.

2. Let us make use of real things as instructional materials for as long as we can.

3. Let us help the students develop the five senses to the full to the heighten their sensitivity to the world.

4. Let us guide our students so that they can draw meaning from their firsthand experiences and elevate their level thinking.

Reflection:

      Based on my understanding, Direct Purposeful Experiences are first hand experiences that serve as the foundation of learning and can develop higher thinking skills through seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and smelling.

   In teaching- learning process we should give our students opportunities in learning by doing and as a teacher; we should help them to develop their senses to heighten their sensitivity to the world.

   This way of teaching is known to be the most effective way of teaching the students because people say, “Experiences are the best teacher”

    

  Chapter 6:  Using and Evaluating Instructional Materials

     The use of instructional material can be effective if it is properly selected depending on the topic and if it is properly used. It should be appropriate and satisfactory for the ultimate goal of facilitating learning. There are guidelines to be followed and the first is the selection of instructional materials. These are factors to be considered as standards for the selection of instructional materials: the materials should present the precise and true ideas of the topic or subject being discussed the materials should add meaning to the content of the topic and these should help you achieve you  instructional objectives the materials should be appropriate to the age, intelligence, and experiences of the students the materials should be satisfactory the materials should have a teacher's guide for effective use the materials should develop the student's higher critical thinking skills the materials should be accessible and affordable for the students The second guideline is the usage of instructional materials .After you have properly selected the material, you should as well effectively utilize it.

According to Thomas Nagel, to ensure effective utilization of the instructional material, he advised us to abide by the acronym PPPF.

       Prepare yourself. It simply means that you should know your lesson objective and your expectation from the class after the session. There should be a planning ahead on how you're going to precede the discussion and evaluate after.

       Prepare your students. It implies setting class expectation and learning goals. This comes by throwing them guide questions and motivating them as a way of keeping them interested and engaged.

       Present the material. It means you should rehearse first the materials you are going to use before presenting them to the class. This is important especially if the materials you are using are mechanical in nature, for example, power points and other multimedia presentations. This is to avoid what they call as R.O.G. Syndrome of Running out of Gas. This syndrome usually occurs due to lack of planning.

       Follow Up . The main function of using instructional material is to achieve an objective and that is ultimately the learning of the students. Using this is not an end in itself but a means to an end so there is a need for follow up to know if you have attained your objective.

Graphic Organizers;

Reflection: 

        As a future educator, the topic entitled "Using and Evaluating Instructional Materials" is very useful and helpful, it gives us knowledge in the different ways on how to select and use the different instructional materials that is use to attain the instructional objectives and it help the teacher for the improvement and effectively in teaching- learning process. Using the instructional materials are good and effective but it is achievable or attainable if the teacher has enough knowledge in using it or let just say, it depends on the expertise of the teacher. Let's not forget the proper usage of materials the PPPF stands for P-Prepare Yourself, P- Prepare your students, P-present the materials, F- Follow up.

But the teacher should not always depend on the IM's, the teacher himself or she is enough to have an effective learning- teaching process. Remember, the best instructional Material.